diff_apnic-089-v005

 apnic-089-v004.txt   apnic-089-v005.txt  ——————————————————————- ——————————————————————- APNIC Document identity APNIC Document identity Title: IPv6 Address Allocation and Assignment Policy Title: IPv6 Address Allocation and Assignment Policy Short title: ipv6-address-policy Short title: ipv6-address-policy Document ref: APNIC-089 Document ref: APNIC-089 Version: 004 Version: 005 Date of original publication: 1 July 2002 Date of original publication: 1 July 2002 Date of this version: 15 January 2007 Date of this version: 19 March 2007 Review scheduled: n/a Review scheduled: n/a Obsoletes: Previous versions Obsoletes: Previous versions Status: Obsolete Status: Obsolete Comments: n/a Comments: n/a ——————————————————————– ——————————————————————– IPv6 Address Allocation and Assignment Policy IPv6 Address Allocation and Assignment Policy Status of this Memo Status of this Memo skipping to change at line 102 skipping to change at line 102 5.4.1. Assignment address space size 5.4.1. Assignment address space size 5.4.2. Assignment of multiple /48s to a single end site 5.4.2. Assignment of multiple /48s to a single end site 5.4.3. Assignment to operator’s infrastructure 5.4.3. Assignment to operator’s infrastructure 5.5. Registration 5.5. Registration 5.6. Reverse lookup 5.6. Reverse lookup 5.7. Existing IPv6 address space holders 5.7. Existing IPv6 address space holders 5.8. Assignments to IXPs and critical infrastructure 5.8. Portable assignments 5.8.1. Internet Exchange Points 5.8.1. Small multihoming assignments 5.8.2. Critical infrastructure 5.8.2. Internet Exchange Points 5.8.3. Critical infrastructure 6. References 6. References 7. Appendix A: HD-Ratio 7. Appendix A: HD-Ratio 8. Appendix B: Background information 8. Appendix B: Background information 8.1. Background 8.1. Background 8.2. Why a joint policy 8.2. Why a joint policy 8.3. The size of IPv6’s address space 8.3. The size of IPv6’s address space skipping to change at line 136 skipping to change at line 137 document are intended to be adopted by each registry. However, document are intended to be adopted by each registry. However, adoption of this document does not preclude local variations in each adoption of this document does not preclude local variations in each region or area. region or area. [RFC2373, RFC2373bis] designate 2000::/3 to be global unicast address [RFC2373, RFC2373bis] designate 2000::/3 to be global unicast address space that IANA may allocate to the RIRs. In accordance with space that IANA may allocate to the RIRs. In accordance with [RFC2928, RFC2373bis, IAB-Request], IANA has allocated initial ranges [RFC2928, RFC2373bis, IAB-Request], IANA has allocated initial ranges of global unicast IPv6 address space from the 2001::/16 address block of global unicast IPv6 address space from the 2001::/16 address block to the existing RIRs. This document concerns the initial and to the existing RIRs. This document concerns the initial and subsequent allocations of the 2000::/3 unicast address space, for subsequent allocations of the 2000::/3 unicast address space, for which RIRs formulate allocation and assignment policies. Because end which RIRs formulate allocation and assignment policies. sites will generally be given /48 assignments [RFC 3177, RIRs- on-48s], the particular emphasis of this document is on policies relating the bits within 2000::/3 to the left of the /48 boundary. However, since some end sites will receive /64 and /128 assignments, all bits to the left of /64 are in scope. This policy is considered to be an interim policy. It will be This policy is considered to be an interim policy. It will be reviewed in the future, subject to greater experience in the reviewed in the future, subject to greater experience in the administration of IPv6. administration of IPv6. 2. Definitions 2. Definitions [note: some of these definitions will be replaced by definitions from [note: some of these definitions will be replaced by definitions from other RIR documents in order to be more consistent.] other RIR documents in order to be more consistent.] skipping to change at line 228 skipping to change at line 224 2.6. Assign 2.6. Assign To assign means to delegate address space to an ISP or end-user, for To assign means to delegate address space to an ISP or end-user, for specific use within the Internet infrastructure they operate. specific use within the Internet infrastructure they operate. Assignments must only be made for specific purposes documented by Assignments must only be made for specific purposes documented by specific organizations and are not to be sub-assigned to other specific organizations and are not to be sub-assigned to other parties. parties. 2.7. Utilization 2.7. Utilization Unlike IPv4, IPv6 is generally assigned to end sites in fixed amounts The actual usage of addresses within each assignment will be (/48). The actual usage of addresses within each assignment will be quite low, when compared to IPv4 assignments. In IPv6, “utilization” quite low, when compared to IPv4 assignments. In IPv6, “utilization” is only measured in terms of the bits to the left of the /48 is only measured in terms of the bits to the left of the /56 boundary. In other words, utilization refers to the assignment of boundary. In other words, utilization refers to the assignment of /48s to end sites, and not the number of addresses assigned within /56s to end sites, and not the number of addresses assigned within individual /48s at those end sites. individual /56s at those end sites. Throughout this document, the term utilization refers to the Throughout this document, the term utilization refers to the allocation of /48s to end sites, and not the number of addresses allocation of /56s to end sites, and not the number of addresses assigned within individual /48s within those end sites. assigned within individual /56s within those end sites. 2.8. HD-Ratio 2.8. HD-Ratio The HD-Ratio is a way of measuring the efficiency of address The HD-Ratio is a way of measuring the efficiency of address assignment [RFC 3194]. It is an adaptation of the H-Ratio originally assignment [RFC 3194]. It is an adaptation of the H-Ratio originally defined in [RFC1715] and is expressed as follows: defined in [RFC1715] and is expressed as follows: Log (number of allocated objects) Log (number of allocated objects) HD = ———————————————— HD = ———————————————— Log (maximum number of allocatable objects) Log (maximum number of allocatable objects) where (in the case of this document) the objects are IPv6 site where (in the case of this document) the objects are IPv6 site addresses (/48s) assigned from an IPv6 prefix of a given size. addresses (/56s) assigned from an IPv6 prefix of a given size. 2.9. End site 2.9. End site An end site is defined as an end user (subscriber) who has a business An end site is defined as an end user (subscriber) who has a business relationship with a service provider that involves: relationship with a service provider that involves: – that service provider assigning address space to the end user – that service provider assigning address space to the end user – that service provider providing transit service for the end user – that service provider providing transit service for the end user to other sites to other sites – that service provider carrying the end user’s traffic. – that service provider carrying the end user’s traffic. skipping to change at line 416 skipping to change at line 411 5.1. Initial allocation 5.1. Initial allocation 5.1.1. Initial allocation criteria 5.1.1. Initial allocation criteria To qualify for an initial allocation of IPv6 address space, an To qualify for an initial allocation of IPv6 address space, an organization must: organization must: a) be an LIR; a) be an LIR; b) not be an end site; b) not be an end site; c) plan to provide IPv6 connectivity to organizations to which it c) plan to provide IPv6 connectivity to organizations to which it will assign /48s, by advertising that connectivity through its will make assignments, by advertising that connectivity through single aggregated address allocation; and its single aggregated address allocation; and d) have a plan for making at least 200 /48 assignments to other d) have a plan for making at least 200 assignments to other organizations within two years. organizations within two years. Private networks (those not connected to the public Internet) may Private networks (those not connected to the public Internet) may also be eligible for an IPv6 address space allocation provided they also be eligible for an IPv6 address space allocation provided they meet equivalent criteria to those listed above. meet equivalent criteria to those listed above. 5.1.2. Minimum initial allocation size 5.1.2. Minimum initial allocation size Organizations that meet the initial allocation criteria are eligible Organizations that meet the initial allocation criteria are eligible to receive a minimum allocation of /32. to receive a minimum allocation of /32. skipping to change at line 457 skipping to change at line 452 5.2. Subsequent allocation 5.2. Subsequent allocation Organizations that hold an existing IPv6 allocation may receive a Organizations that hold an existing IPv6 allocation may receive a subsequent allocation in accordance with the following policies. subsequent allocation in accordance with the following policies. 5.2.1. Subsequent allocation criteria 5.2.1. Subsequent allocation criteria Subsequent allocation will be provided when an organization (ISP/LIR) Subsequent allocation will be provided when an organization (ISP/LIR) satisfies the evaluation threshold of past address utilization in satisfies the evaluation threshold of past address utilization in terms of the number of sites in units of /48 assignments. The HD- terms of the number of sites in units of /56 assignments. The HD- Ratio [RFC 3194] is used to determine the utilization thresholds that Ratio [RFC 3194] is used to determine the utilization thresholds that justify the allocation of additional address as described below. justify the allocation of additional address as described below. 5.2.2. Applied HD-Ratio 5.2.2. Applied HD-Ratio The HD-Ratio value of 0.8 is adopted as indicating an acceptable The HD-Ratio value of 0.94 is adopted as indicating an acceptable address utilization for justifying the allocation of additional address utilization for justifying the allocation of additional address space. Appendix A provides a table showing the number of address space. Appendix A provides a table showing the number of assignments that are necessary to achieve an acceptable utilization assignments that are necessary to achieve an acceptable utilization value for a given address block size. value for a given address block size. 5.2.3. Subsequent Allocation Size 5.2.3. Subsequent Allocation Size When an organization has achieved an acceptable utilization for its When an organization has achieved an acceptable utilization for its allocated address space, it is immediately eligible to obtain an allocated address space, it is immediately eligible to obtain an additional allocation that results in a doubling of the address space additional allocation that results in a doubling of the address space skipping to change at line 500 skipping to change at line 495 properly evaluate the HD-Ratio when a subsequent allocation becomes properly evaluate the HD-Ratio when a subsequent allocation becomes necessary. necessary. 5.4. Assignment 5.4. Assignment LIRs must make IPv6 assignments in accordance with the following LIRs must make IPv6 assignments in accordance with the following provisions. provisions. 5.4.1. Assignment address space size 5.4.1. Assignment address space size Assignments are to be made in accordance with the existing guidelines End-users are assigned an end site assignment from their LIR or ISP. [RFC3177,RIRs-on-48], which are summarized here as: The exact size of the assignment is a local decision for the LIR or ISP to make, using a minimum value of a /64 (when only one subnet is – /48 in the general case, except for very large subscribers anticipated for the end site) up to the normal maximum of /48, – /64 when it is known that one and only one subnet is needed by except in cases of extra large end sites where a larger assignment design can be justified. – /128 when it is absolutely known that one and only one device is connecting. RIRs/NIRs are not concerned about which address size an LIR/ISP RIRs/NIRs are not concerned about which address size an LIR/ISP actually assigns. Accordingly, RIRs/NIRs will not request the actually assigns. Accordingly, RIRs/NIRs will not request the detailed information on IPv6 user networks as they did in IPv4, detailed information on IPv6 user networks as they did in IPv4, except for the cases described in Section 4.4 and for the purposes of except for the cases described in Section 4.4 and for the purposes of measuring utilization as defined in this document. measuring utilization as defined in this document. 5.4.2. Assignment of multiple /48s to a single end site 5.4.2. Assignment of multiple /48s to a single end site When a single end site requires an additional /48 address block, it When a single end site requires an additional /48 address block, it skipping to change at line 544 skipping to change at line 537 is regarded as one assignment regardless of the number of users using is regarded as one assignment regardless of the number of users using the PoP. A separate assignment can be obtained for the in-house the PoP. A separate assignment can be obtained for the in-house operations of the operator. operations of the operator. 5.5. Registration 5.5. Registration When an organization holding an IPv6 address allocation makes IPv6 When an organization holding an IPv6 address allocation makes IPv6 address assignments, it must register assignment information in a address assignments, it must register assignment information in a database, accessible by RIRs as appropriate (information registered database, accessible by RIRs as appropriate (information registered by an RIR/NIR may be replaced by a distributed database for by an RIR/NIR may be replaced by a distributed database for registering address management information in future). Information registering address management information in future). Information is registered in units of assigned /48 networks. When more than a is registered in units of assigned /48 networks. When more than a /48 is assigned to an organization, the assigning organization is /48 is assigned to an organization, the assigning organization is responsible for ensuring that the address space is registered in an responsible for ensuring that the address space is registered in an RIR/NIR database. RIR/NIR database. RIR/NIRs will use registered data to calculate the HD-Ratio at the RIR/NIRs will use registered data to calculate the HD-Ratio at the time of application for subsequent allocation and to check for time of application for subsequent allocation and to check for changes in assignments over time. changes in assignments over time. IRs shall maintain systems and practices that protect the security of IRs shall maintain systems and practices that protect the security of personal and commercial information that is used in request personal and commercial information that is used in request skipping to change at line 587 skipping to change at line 580 Organizations that received /35 IPv6 allocations under the previous Organizations that received /35 IPv6 allocations under the previous IPv6 address policy [RIRv6-Policies] are immediately entitled to have IPv6 address policy [RIRv6-Policies] are immediately entitled to have their allocation expanded to a /32 address block, without providing their allocation expanded to a /32 address block, without providing justification, so long as they satisfy the criteria in Section 5.1.1. justification, so long as they satisfy the criteria in Section 5.1.1. The /32 address block will contain the already allocated smaller The /32 address block will contain the already allocated smaller address block (one or multiple /35 address blocks in many cases) that address block (one or multiple /35 address blocks in many cases) that was already reserved by the RIR for a subsequent allocation to the was already reserved by the RIR for a subsequent allocation to the organization. Requests for additional space beyond the minimum /32 organization. Requests for additional space beyond the minimum /32 size will be evaluated as discussed elsewhere in the document. size will be evaluated as discussed elsewhere in the document. 5.8. Assignments to IXPs and critical infrastructure 5.8. Portable assignments 5.8.1 Internet Exchange Points 5.8.1. Small multihoming assignments An organization is eligible to receive a portable assignment from APNIC if it is currently multihomed or plans to be multihomed within three months. An organization is considered to be multihomed if its network receives full-time connectivity from more than one ISP and has one or more routing prefixes announced by at least two of its ISPs. The minimum assignment made under these terms is /48. Address space assigned under these terms that is not used for multihoming within three months of assignment by APNIC will be reclaimed. 5.8.2. Internet Exchange Points Internet Exchange Points are eligible to receive a portable assignment Internet Exchange Points are eligible to receive a portable assignment from APNIC to be used exclusively to connect the IXP participant devices from APNIC to be used exclusively to connect the IXP participant devices to the Exchange Point. to the Exchange Point. The minimum assignment made under these terms is /48. The minimum assignment made under these terms is /48. Global routability of the portable assignment is left to the discretion Global routability of the portable assignment is left to the discretion of the IXP and its participants. of the IXP and its participants. 5.8.2 Critical infrastructure 5.8.3. Critical infrastructure The following critical infrastructure networks, if operating in the Asia The following critical infrastructure networks, if operating in the Asia Pacific region, are eligible to receive a portable assignment: Pacific region, are eligible to receive a portable assignment: – root domain name system (DNS) server; – root domain name system (DNS) server; – global top level domain (gTLD) nameservers; – global top level domain (gTLD) nameservers; – country code TLD (ccTLDs) nameservers; – country code TLD (ccTLDs) nameservers; – IANA; – IANA; – Regional Internet Registry (RIRs); and – Regional Internet Registry (RIRs); and – National Internet Registry (NIRs). – National Internet Registry (NIRs). Assignments to critical infrastructure are available only to the actual Assignments to critical infrastructure are available only to the actual operators of the network infrastructure performing such functions. Registrar operators of the network infrastructure performing such functions. Registrar organisations which do not actually host the network housing the registry organisations which do not actually host the network housing the registry infrastructure, will not be eligible for an assignment under this policy. infrastructure, will not be eligible for an assignment under this policy. The maximum assignment made under these terms is /32 per operator. The maximum assignment made under these terms is /32 per operator. Exchanges made under this policy remain subject to the address space license Exchanges made under this policy remain subject to the address space license policy. policy. skipping to change at line 665 skipping to change at line 674 The HD-Ratio is not intended to replace the traditional utilization The HD-Ratio is not intended to replace the traditional utilization measurement that ISPs perform with IPv4 today. Indeed, the HD-Ratio measurement that ISPs perform with IPv4 today. Indeed, the HD-Ratio still requires counting the number of assigned objects. The primary still requires counting the number of assigned objects. The primary value of the HD-Ratio is its usefulness at determining reasonable value of the HD-Ratio is its usefulness at determining reasonable target utilization threshold values for an address space of a given target utilization threshold values for an address space of a given size. This document uses the HD-Ratio to determine the thresholds at size. This document uses the HD-Ratio to determine the thresholds at which a given allocation has achieved an acceptable level of which a given allocation has achieved an acceptable level of utilization and the assignment of additional address space becomes utilization and the assignment of additional address space becomes justified. justified. The utilization threshold T, expressed as a number of individual /48 The utilization threshold T, expressed as a number of individual /56 prefixes to be allocated from IPv6 prefix P, can be calculated as: prefixes to be allocated from IPv6 prefix P, can be calculated as: ((48-P)*HD) ((56-P)*HD) T = 2 T = 2 Thus, the utilization threshold for an organization requesting Thus, the utilization threshold for an organization requesting subsequent allocation of IPv6 address block is specified as a subsequent allocation of IPv6 address block is specified as a function of the prefix size and target HD ratio. This utilization function of the prefix size and target HD ratio. This utilization refers to the allocation of /48s to end sites, and not the refers to the allocation of /56s to end sites, and not the utilization of those /48s within those end sites. It is an address utilization of those /56s within those end sites. It is an address allocation utilization ratio and not an address assignment allocation utilization ratio and not an address assignment utilization ratio. utilization ratio. In accordance with the recommendations of [RFC 3194], this document This document adopts an HD-Ratio of 0.94 as the utilization adopts an HD-Ratio of 0.8 as the utilization threshold for IPv6 threshold for IPv6 address space allocations. address space allocations. The following table provides equivalent absolute and percentage The following table provides equivalent absolute and percentage address utilization figures for IPv6 prefixes, corresponding to an address utilization figures for IPv6 prefixes, corresponding to an HD-Ratio of 0.8 HD-Ratio of 0.94 P 48-P Total /48s Threshold Util% P 56-P Total /56s Threshold Util % 48 0 1 1 100.0% 56 0 1 1 100.0 47 1 2 2 87.1% 55 1 2 2 95.9 46 2 4 3 75.8% 54 2 4 4 92.0 45 3 8 5 66.0% 53 3 8 7 88.3 44 4 16 9 57.4% 52 4 16 14 84.7 43 5 32 16 50.0% 51 5 32 26 81.2 42 6 64 28 43.5% 50 6 64 50 77.9 41 7 128 49 37.9% 49 7 128 96 74.7 40 8 256 84 33.0% 48 8 256 184 71.7 39 9 512 147 28.7% 47 9 512 352 68.8 38 10 1024 256 25.0% 46 10 1,024 676 66.0 37 11 2048 446 21.8% 45 11 2,048 1,296 63.3 36 12 4096 776 18.9% 44 12 4,096 2,487 60.7 35 13 8192 1351 16.5% 43 13 8,192 4,771 58.2 34 14 16384 2353 14.4% 42 14 16,384 9,153 55.9 33 15 32768 4096 12.5% 41 15 32,768 17,560 53.6 32 16 65536 7132 10.9% 40 16 65,536 33,689 51.4 31 17 131072 12417 9.5% 39 17 131,072 64,634 49.3 30 18 262144 21619 8.2% 38 18 262,144 124,002 47.3 29 19 524288 37641 7.2% 37 19 524,288 237,901 45.4 28 20 1048576 65536 6.3% 36 20 1,048,576 456,419 43.5 27 21 2097152 114105 5.4% 35 21 2,097,152 875,653 41.8 26 22 4194304 198668 4.7% 34 22 4,194,304 1,679,965 40.1 25 23 8388608 345901 4.1% 33 23 8,388,608 3,223,061 38.4 24 24 16777216 602249 3.6% 32 24 16,777,216 6,183,533 36.9 23 25 33554432 1048576 3.1% 31 25 33,554,432 11,863,283 35.4 22 26 67108864 1825677 2.7% 30 26 67,108,864 22,760,044 33.9 21 27 134217728 3178688 2.4% 29 27 134,217,728 43,665,787 32.5 20 28 268435456 5534417 2.1% 28 28 268,435,456 83,774,045 31.2 19 29 536870912 9635980 1.8% 27 29 536,870,912 160,722,871 29.9 18 30 1073741824 16777216 1.6% 26 30 1,073,741,824 308,351,367 28.7 17 31 2147483648 29210830 1.4% 25 31 2,147,483,648 591,580,804 27.5 16 32 4294967296 50859008 1.2% 24 32 4,294,967,296 1,134,964,479 26.4 15 33 8589934592 88550677 1.0% 23 33 8,589,934,592 2,177,461,403 25.3 14 34 17179869184 154175683 0.9% 22 34 17,179,869,184 4,177,521,189 24.3 13 35 34359738368 268435456 0.8% 21 35 34,359,738,368 8,014,692,369 23.3 12 36 68719476736 467373275 0.7% 20 36 68,719,476,736 15,376,413,635 22.4 11 37 137438953472 813744135 0.6% 19 37 137,438,953,472 29,500,083,768 21.5 10 38 274877906944 1416810831 0.5% 18 38 274,877,906,944 56,596,743,751 20.6 9 39 549755813888 2466810934 0.4% 17 39 549,755,813,888 108,582,451,102 19.8 8 40 1099511627776 4294967296 0.4% 16 40 1,099,511,627,776 208,318,498,661 18.9 7 41 2199023255552 7477972398 0.3% 15 41 2,199,023,255,552 399,664,922,315 18.2 6 42 4398046511104 13019906166 0.3% 14 42 4,398,046,511,104 766,768,439,460 17.4 5 43 8796093022208 22668973294 0.3% 13 43 8,796,093,022,208 1,471,066,903,609 16.7 4 44 17592186044416 39468974941 0.2% 12 44 17,592,186,044,416 2,822,283,395,519 16.0 11 45 35,184,372,088,832 5,414,630,391,777 15.4 10 46 70,368,744,177,664 10,388,121,308,479 14.8 9 47 140,737,488,355,328 19,929,904,076,845 14.2 8 48 281,474,976,710,656 38,236,083,765,023 13.6 7 49 562,949,953,421,312 73,357,006,438,603 13.0 6 50 1,125,899,906,842,620 140,737,488,355,328 12.5 5 51 2,251,799,813,685,250 270,008,845,646,446 12.0 4 52 4,503,599,627,370,500 518,019,595,058,136 11.5 8. Appendix B: Background information 8. Appendix B: Background information 8.1. Background 8.1. Background The impetus for revising the 1999 Provisional IPv6 policy started The impetus for revising the 1999 Provisional IPv6 policy started with the APNIC meeting held in Taiwan in August 2001. Follow-on with the APNIC meeting held in Taiwan in August 2001. Follow-on discussions were held at the October, 2001 RIPE and ARIN meetings. discussions were held at the October, 2001 RIPE and ARIN meetings. During these meetings, the participants recognized an urgent need for During these meetings, the participants recognized an urgent need for more detailed, complete policies. One result of the meetings was the more detailed, complete policies. One result of the meetings was the skipping to change at line 782 skipping to change at line 799 allocation policies could also result in the adoption of practices allocation policies could also result in the adoption of practices that lead to premature exhaustion of the address space. that lead to premature exhaustion of the address space. It should be noted that the 128-bit address space is divided into It should be noted that the 128-bit address space is divided into three logical parts, with the usage of each component managed three logical parts, with the usage of each component managed differently. The rightmost 64 bits, the Interface Identifier differently. The rightmost 64 bits, the Interface Identifier [RFC2373], will often be a globally-unique IEEE identifier (e.g., mac [RFC2373], will often be a globally-unique IEEE identifier (e.g., mac address). Although an “inefficient” way to use the Interface address). Although an “inefficient” way to use the Interface Identifier field from the perspective of maximizing the number of Identifier field from the perspective of maximizing the number of addressable nodes, the numbering scheme was explicitly chosen to addressable nodes, the numbering scheme was explicitly chosen to simplify Stateless Address Autoconfiguration [RFC2462]. simplify Stateless Address Autoconfiguration [RFC2462]. The middle bits of an address indicate the subnet ID. The middle 16 bits of an address indicate the subnet ID. Per [RFC 3177, RIRs-on-48s], this field will often be inefficiently utilized, but the operational benefits of a consistent width subnet field were deemed to be outweigh the drawbacks. The decisions to inefficiently utilize the bits to the right of /48 were made under the knowledge and assumption that the bits to the left of /48 would be managed prudently and that if done so, will be adequate for the expected lifetime of IPv6 [RFC3177]. 8.4. Acknowledgment 8.4. Acknowledgment The initial version of this document was produced by The JPNIC IPv6 The initial version of this document was produced by The JPNIC IPv6 policy drafting team consisting of Akihiro Inomata, Akinori Maemura, policy drafting team consisting of Akihiro Inomata, Akinori Maemura, Kosuke Ito, Kuniaki Kondo, Takashi Arano, Tomohiro Fujisaki, and Kosuke Ito, Kuniaki Kondo, Takashi Arano, Tomohiro Fujisaki, and Toshiyuki Yamasaki. Special thanks goes out to this team, who worked Toshiyuki Yamasaki. Special thanks goes out to this team, who worked over a holiday in order to produce an initial document quickly. over a holiday in order to produce an initial document quickly. An editing team was then organized by representatives from each of An editing team was then organized by representatives from each of  End of changes. 28 change blocks.  107 lines changed or deleted 115 lines changed or added This html diff was produced by rfcdiff 1.42. 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